Investigation of real-world heparin resistance and anticoagulation management prior to cardiopulmonary bypass: report from a nationwide survey by the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery heparin resistance working group.

Heparin resistance has occurred in many cardiovascular centers, even among patients with normal antithrombin activities. Interestingly, the administration of antithrombin concentrate resolved heparin resistance, regardless of the baseline antithrombin activity value.