Comparison of extraction techniques for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from lichen biomonitors.
Leandri Van der WatPatricia B C ForbesPublished in: Environmental science and pollution research international (2019)
Lichens are useful biomonitors for atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Different sample preparation techniques were explored in this regard, including ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, Soxhlet, and the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) technique. It was found that a QuEChERS technique using hexane:acetone (1:1, v/v), never reported before for application to lichens, provided the best recoveries of internal standards, the highest total peak area for all PAHs of interest, and %RSDs comparable with the other preparation techniques tested. The optimized sample preparation technique was found to be a comparatively fast method (45 min), with good recoveries (96%), using less solvents and minimal energy consumption. Strong matrix effects were found: both strong enhancement (for the lighter PAHs) and strong suppression (for the heavier PAHs). The use of matrix-matched standards is thus imperative for the accurate determination of PAH concentrations in the lichen samples. Graphical abstract "Note: This data is mandatory. Please provide."
Keyphrases
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- molecularly imprinted
- ms ms
- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- solid phase extraction
- simultaneous determination
- tandem mass spectrometry
- ionic liquid
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- gas chromatography
- high resolution mass spectrometry
- high performance liquid chromatography
- high resolution
- electronic health record
- particulate matter
- liquid chromatography
- machine learning
- drinking water
- deep learning