Neuropeptides and neurohormones in immune, inflammatory and cellular responses to ultraviolet radiation.
Cameron R MoattariRichard D GransteinPublished in: Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) (2021)
Humans are exposed to varying amounts of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) through sunlight. UVR penetrates into human skin leading to release of neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones. These messengers released from local sensory nerves, keratinocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), mast cells, melanocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) modulate local and systemic immune responses, mediate inflammation and promote differing cell biologic effects. In this review, we will focus on both animal and human studies that elucidate the roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), nerve growth factor (NGF), nitric oxide and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derivatives in mediating immune and inflammatory effects of exposure to UVR as well as other cell biologic effects of UVR exposure.
Keyphrases
- growth factor
- endothelial cells
- oxidative stress
- nitric oxide
- rheumatoid arthritis
- immune response
- single cell
- induced apoptosis
- cell therapy
- stem cells
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- toll like receptor
- radiation therapy
- dendritic cells
- mesenchymal stem cells
- radiation induced
- high glucose
- gene expression
- dna methylation
- bone marrow
- cell proliferation
- peripheral nerve
- nitric oxide synthase