Sex Differences in People with Tourette Syndrome and Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder in the Tourette Association of America International Consortium for Genetics Database.
Marisela E Dy-HollinsLori B ChibnikNatasha A TracyLisa OsieckiCathy L BudmanDanielle C CathMarco A GradosRobert A KingGholson J LyonGuy A RouleauPaul SandorHarvey S SingerNutan SharmaCarol A MathewsJeremiah M ScharfPublished in: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences (2024)
Females with TS are less likely to be formally diagnosed and have a later age of symptom onset, later age at diagnosis, longer time-to-diagnosis, higher prevalence of OCD, and lower prevalence of ADHD (vs. males). Females with PMVT have an earlier age of symptom onset, higher prevalence of OCD, but similar ADHD prevalence rates (vs. males). Females with TS and PMVT may be clinically different than males with TS. Future research is needed to understand differences longitudinally in TS and PMVT.