Oxidative Stress-Associated Male Infertility: Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches.
Haritha PavuluriZahra BakhtiaryManesh Kumar Panner SelvamWayne J G HellstromPublished in: Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) (2024)
Infertility is a prevalent global issue affecting approximately 17.5% of adults, with sole male factor contributing to 20-30% of cases. Oxidative stress (OS) is a critical factor in male infertility, disrupting the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. This imbalance detrimentally affects sperm function and viability, ultimately impairing fertility. OS also triggers molecular changes in sperm, including DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, and alterations in protein expression, further compromising sperm functionality and potential fertilization. Diagnostic tools discussed in this review offer insights into OS markers, antioxidant levels, and intracellular ROS concentrations. By accurately assessing these parameters, clinicians can diagnose male infertility more effectively and thus tailor treatment plans to individual patients. Additionally, this review explores various treatment options for males with OS-associated infertility, such as empirical drugs, antioxidants, nanoantioxidants, and lifestyle modifications. By addressing the root causes of male infertility and implementing targeted interventions, clinicians can optimize treatment outcomes and enhance the chances of conception for couples struggling with infertility.
Keyphrases
- dna damage
- oxidative stress
- reactive oxygen species
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- cell death
- physical activity
- palliative care
- dna repair
- metabolic syndrome
- end stage renal disease
- cardiovascular disease
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- newly diagnosed
- skeletal muscle
- signaling pathway
- young adults
- patient reported outcomes
- smoking cessation
- replacement therapy