Screening of Potential Thrombin and Factor Xa Inhibitors from the Danshen-Chuanxiong Herbal Pair through a Spectrum-Effect Relationship Analysis.

In this study; a spectrum-effect relationship analysis combined with a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was established to screen and identify active components that can inhibit thrombin and factor Xa (THR and FXa) in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Danshen-Chuanxiong) herbal pair. Ten potential active compounds were predicted through a canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and eight of them were tentatively identified through an LC-MS analysis. Furthermore; the enzyme inhibitory activity of six available compounds; chlorogenic acid; Z-ligustilide; caffeic acid; ferulic acid; tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA; were tested to verify the feasibility of the method. Among them; chlorogenic acid was validated to possess a good THR inhibitory activity with IC50 of 185.08 µM. Tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA are potential FXa inhibitors with IC50 of 112.59 µM and 138.19 µM; respectively. Meanwhile; molecular docking results show that tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA; which both have binding energies of less than -7.0 kcal·mol-1; can interact with FXa by forming H-bonds with residues of SER214; GLY219 and GLN192. In short; the THR and FXa inhibitors in the Danshen-Chuanxiong herbal pair have been successfully characterized through a spectrum-effect relationship analysis and an LC-MS analysis.