Gold Nanoshell-Mediated Remote Myotube Activation.
Attilio MarinoSatoshi AraiYanyan HouAndrea Degl'InnocentiValentina CappelloBarbara MazzolaiYoung-Tae ChangVirgilio MattoliMadoka SuzukiGianni CiofaniPublished in: ACS nano (2017)
Mild heat stimulation of muscle cells within the physiological range represents an intriguing approach for the modulation of their functions. In this work, photothermal conversion was exploited to remotely stimulate striated muscle cells by using gold nanoshells (NSs) in combination with near-infrared (NIR) radiation. Temperature increments of approximately 5 °C were recorded by using an intracellular fluorescent molecular thermometer and were demonstrated to efficiently induce myotube contraction. The mechanism at the base of this phenomenon was thoroughly investigated and was observed to be a Ca2+-independent event directly involving actin-myosin interactions. Finally, chronic remote photothermal stimulations significantly increased the mRNA transcription of genes encoding heat shock proteins and sirtuin 1, a protein which in turn can induce mitochondrial biogenesis. Overall, we provide evidence that remote NIR + NS muscle excitation represents an effective wireless stimulation technique with great potential in the fields of muscle tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and bionics.
Keyphrases
- photodynamic therapy
- induced apoptosis
- skeletal muscle
- heat shock
- drug release
- tissue engineering
- cell cycle arrest
- fluorescent probe
- binding protein
- heat stress
- drug delivery
- oxidative stress
- living cells
- cancer therapy
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- signaling pathway
- radiation therapy
- cell death
- fluorescence imaging
- quantum dots
- risk assessment
- heat shock protein
- high resolution
- energy transfer
- single molecule
- smooth muscle