The Storage Conditions of High-Fat Diet Are the Key Factors for Diet-Induced Obesity and Liver Damage.

The diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model has been widely used for obesity studies. The effects of storage conditions on the composition of nutrients in high-fat diets (HFDs) and their impact on metabolic homeostasis have not been systemically investigated. In the current study, we tested the effects of HFDs stored under different conditions and found that mice fed a HFD stored in the fridge (HFD fri ) gained less weight than those fed HFDs stored in the freezer (HFD fre ). Further analysis revealed that changes in the relative abundance of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) in the HFD fri , which have much lower intestinal absorption rates, contributed to the body weight differences. In contrast, exacerbated liver damage and elevated levels of unfolded protein response (UPR) was observed in the mice fed by HFD fri . Depletion of the UPR-regulated gene Nnmt alleviated liver damage via the inhibition of the integrated stress response (ISR). Our study, for the first time, provides evidence that HFD storage conditions can have a significant impact on both body weight changes and liver damage in the DIO model.