The Evolution of Triamcinolone Acetonide Therapeutic Use in Retinal Diseases: From Off-Label Intravitreal Injection to Advanced Nano-Drug Delivery Systems.
Luis Abraham Aceves-FrancoOscar Eduardo Sanchez-AguilarAllen Rafael Barragan-AriasMarco Antonio Ponce-GallegosLuis Carlos Rosales-RiveraArturo SantosPublished in: Biomedicines (2023)
Ophthalmic drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye has been challenging due to the complex ocular anatomy. Intravitreal injection of drugs was introduced to deliver therapeutic doses in the posterior segment. Different posterior segment diseases including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, retinal vein occlusions, uveitis, and cystoid macular edema, among others, have been historically treated with intravitreal corticosteroids injections, and more recently with intravitreal corticosteroids drug implants. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is the most frequently used intraocular synthetic corticosteroid. Using nanoparticle-based TA delivery systems has been proposed as an alternative to intravitreal injections in the treatment of posterior segment diseases. From these novel delivery systems, topical liposomes have been the most promising strategy. This review is oriented to exhibit triamcinolone acetonide drug evolution and its results in treating posterior segment diseases using diverse delivery platforms.
Keyphrases
- age related macular degeneration
- diabetic retinopathy
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- drug delivery
- optical coherence tomography
- ultrasound guided
- emergency department
- optic nerve
- rheumatoid arthritis
- juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- cancer therapy
- drug induced
- newly diagnosed
- ankylosing spondylitis
- endothelial cells
- smoking cessation
- wound healing