Monocyte Differentiation into Destructive Macrophages on In Vitro Administration of Gingival Crevicular Fluid from Periodontitis Patients.

In periodontitis patients, blood-derived monocytes transform into macrophages of a destructive phenotype due to the characteristic cytokine environment of their GCF. Further, the macrophages affect the genotype and phenotype of the resident cells of the periodontium, aggravate periodontal destruction, as well as jeopardize periodontal healing and resolution of inflammation.