Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as New Remedy for the Treatment of Neurocognitive Disorders.
Carl Randall HarrellAna VolarevicValentin DjonovVladislav VolarevicPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles enriched with MSC-sourced neuroprotective and immunomodulatory microRNAs, neural growth factors, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which attenuate neuro-inflammation, promote neo-vascularization, induce neurogenesis, and reduce apoptotic loss of neural cells. Accordingly, a large number of experimental studies demonstrated MSC-Exo-dependent improvement of cognitive impairment in experimental animals. In this review article, we summarized current knowledge about molecular and cellular mechanisms that were responsible for MSC-Exo-based restoration of cognitive function, emphasizing therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in the treatment of neurocognitive disorders.
Keyphrases
- mesenchymal stem cells
- cognitive impairment
- bone marrow
- stem cells
- oxidative stress
- umbilical cord
- cell death
- induced apoptosis
- bipolar disorder
- cell cycle arrest
- cell therapy
- signaling pathway
- cell proliferation
- single molecule
- anti inflammatory
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- brain injury
- case control