Facile Preparation of Drug-Loaded Tristearin Encapsulated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Coaxial Electrospray Processing.
Manoochehr RasekhZeeshan AhmadRichard CrossJavier Hernández-GilJames D E T Wilton-ElyPhilip W MillerPublished in: Molecular pharmaceutics (2017)
Naturally occurring polymers are promising biocompatible materials that have many applications for emerging therapies, drug delivery systems, and diagnostic agents. The handling and processing of such materials still constitutes a major challenge, which can limit the full exploitation of their properties. This study explores an ambient environment processing technique: coaxial electrospray (CO-ES) to encapsulate genistein (an isoflavonoid and model drug), superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs, 10-15 nm), and a fluorophore (BODIPY) into a layered (triglyceride tristearin shell) particulate system, with a view to constructing a theranostic agent. Mode mapping of CO-ES led to an optimized atomization engineering window for stable jetting, leading to encapsulation of SPIONs within particles of diameter 0.65-1.2 μm and drug encapsulation efficiencies of around 92%. Electron microscopy was used to image the encapsulated SPIONs and confirm core-shell triglyceride encapsulation in addition to further physicochemical characterization (AFM, FTIR, DSC, and TGA). Cell viability assays (MTT, HeLa cells) were used to determine optimal SPION loaded particles (∼1 mg/mL), while in vitro release profile experiments (PBS, pH = 7.4) demonstrate a triphasic release profile. Further cell studies confirmed cell uptake and internalization at selected time points (t = 1, 2, and 4 h). The results suggest potential for using the CO-ES technique as an efficient way to encapsulate SPIONs together with sensitive drugs for the development of multimodal particles that have potential application for combined imaging and therapy.
Keyphrases
- iron oxide nanoparticles
- mass spectrometry
- electron microscopy
- high resolution
- cell therapy
- single cell
- drug delivery
- photodynamic therapy
- induced apoptosis
- drug induced
- liquid chromatography
- high throughput
- deep learning
- air pollution
- cancer therapy
- fluorescent probe
- emergency department
- machine learning
- highly efficient
- pain management
- particulate matter
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cell death
- wound healing
- living cells
- risk assessment
- optic nerve
- low density lipoprotein
- case control
- cell proliferation
- ionic liquid
- light emitting
- replacement therapy