Nonlinear gene expression-phenotype relationships contribute to variation and clefting in the A/WySn mouse.
Rebecca M GreenCourtney L LeachVirginia M DiewertJose David AponteEric J SchmidtJames M CheverudCharles C RosemanNathan M YoungRalph S MarcucioBenedikt HallgrimssonPublished in: Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists (2019)
Methylation and gene expression relate nonlinearly to nasal process morphology. Individuals at one end of a continuum of phenotypic states display a clinical phenotype and increased phenotypic variation. Variable penetrance and expressivity in this model is likely determined both by among-individual variation in methylation and changes in phenotypic robustness along the underlying liability distribution for orofacial clefting.