Empagliflozin, alone or in combination with liraglutide, limits cell death in vitro: role of oxidative stress and nitric oxide.

While empagliflozin alone attenuated diabetes-induced cytotoxicity, combined treatment of liraglutide can synergistically ameliorates cell death and oxidative stress. This effect is potentially due to improved NOS activity and increased NO production induced by liraglutide.