Electroacupuncture Promotes Central Nervous System-Dependent Release of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
Tatiana E SalazarMatthew R RichardsonEleni BeliMatthew S RipschJohn GeorgeYoungsook KimYaqian DuanLeni MoldovanYuanqing YanAshay BhatwadekarVaishnavi JadhavJared A SmithSusan McGorrayAlicia L BertoneDmitri O TraktuevKeith L MarchLuis M Colon-PerezKeith G AvinEmily SimsJulie A MundJamie CaseXiaolin DengMin Su KimBruce McDavittMichael E BoultonJeffrey ThinschmidtSergio Li CalziStephanie D FitzRobyn K FuchsStuart J WardenTodd McKinleyAnantha ShekharMarcelo FeboPhillip L JohnsonLung-Ji ChangZhanguo GaoMikhail G KoloninSong LaiJingfeng MaXinzhong DongFletcher A WhiteHuisheng XieMervin C YoderMaria B GrantPublished in: Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) (2018)
Electroacupuncture (EA) performed in rats and humans using limb acupuncture sites, LI-4 and LI-11, and GV-14 and GV-20 (humans) and Bai-hui (rats) increased functional connectivity between the anterior hypothalamus and the amygdala and mobilized mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into the systemic circulation. In human subjects, the source of the MSC was found to be primarily adipose tissue, whereas in rodents the tissue sources were considered more heterogeneous. Pharmacological disinhibition of rat hypothalamus enhanced sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation and similarly resulted in a release of MSC into the circulation. EA-mediated SNS activation was further supported by browning of white adipose tissue in rats. EA treatment of rats undergoing partial rupture of the Achilles tendon resulted in reduced mechanical hyperalgesia, increased serum interleukin-10 levels and tendon remodeling, effects blocked in propranolol-treated rodents. To distinguish the afferent role of the peripheral nervous system, phosphoinositide-interacting regulator of transient receptor potential channels (Pirt)-GCaMP3 (genetically encoded calcium sensor) mice were treated with EA acupuncture points, ST-36 and LIV-3, and GV-14 and Bai-hui and resulted in a rapid activation of primary sensory neurons. EA activated sensory ganglia and SNS centers to mediate the release of MSC that can enhance tissue repair, increase anti-inflammatory cytokine production and provide pronounced analgesic relief. Stem Cells 2017;35:1303-1315.
Keyphrases
- mesenchymal stem cells
- functional connectivity
- adipose tissue
- resting state
- stem cells
- neuropathic pain
- anti inflammatory
- umbilical cord
- insulin resistance
- bone marrow
- endothelial cells
- cell therapy
- cerebral ischemia
- oxidative stress
- spinal cord
- high fat diet
- spinal cord injury
- high fat diet induced
- newly diagnosed
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- risk assessment
- skeletal muscle
- replacement therapy
- human health
- subarachnoid hemorrhage