Biogenesis of silver nanoparticles to treat cancer, diabetes, and microbial infections: a mechanistic overview.
Bilal JavedMuhammad IkramFatima FarooqTahira SultanaZia-Ur-Rehman MashwaniNaveed Iqbal RajaPublished in: Applied microbiology and biotechnology (2021)
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) by harnessing the natural abilities of plant secondary metabolites has advantages over routine physical and chemical synthetic approaches due to their one-step experimental setup to reduce and stabilize the bulk silver into SNPs, biocompatible nature, and therapeutic significance. The unique size, shape, and biochemical functional corona of SNPs embellish them with the potential to perform therapeutic actions by adopting various mechanistic approaches including but not limited to the disruption of the electron transport chain, mitochondrial damage, DNA fragmentation, inhibition of ATP synthase activity, disorganization of the cell membrane, suspension of cellular signaling pathways, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of enzymes activity. This review elaborates the biogenic synthesis of SNPs in redox chemical reactions by using plant secondary metabolites found in plant extracts. In addition, it explains the synergistic influence of physicochemical reaction parameters such as the temperature, pH, the concentration of the AgNO3, and the ratio of reactants to affect the reaction kinetics, molecular mechanics, enzymatic catalysis, and protein conformations that aid to affect the size, shape, and potential biochemical corona of nanoparticles. This review also provides up-to-date information on the mechanistic actions that embellish the plant-based SNPs, an anticancer, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potential. The mechanistic understanding of the therapeutic actions of SNPs will help in precision medicine to develop customized treatment and healthcare approaches for the welfare of the human population. KEY POINTS: • Significance of the biogenic nanoparticles • Biomedical application potential of the plant-based silver nanoparticles • Mechanism of the anticancer, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial actions of the plant-based silver nanoparticles.
Keyphrases
- silver nanoparticles
- genome wide
- oxidative stress
- healthcare
- ms ms
- staphylococcus aureus
- type diabetes
- genome wide association
- cell wall
- endothelial cells
- human health
- single molecule
- dna methylation
- cardiovascular disease
- signaling pathway
- mental health
- cell proliferation
- physical activity
- papillary thyroid
- squamous cell carcinoma
- microbial community
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- hydrogen peroxide
- gene expression
- insulin resistance
- electron transfer
- climate change
- circulating tumor
- replacement therapy
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- deep learning
- binding protein
- drug delivery
- machine learning
- young adults
- artificial intelligence
- induced apoptosis
- clinical practice
- amino acid
- nucleic acid
- glycemic control
- childhood cancer