MicroRNAs as regulators of cell death mechanisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Delia GagliardiGiacomo P ComiNereo BresolinStefania P CortiPublished in: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine (2019)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper and lower motor neurons (MNs), resulting in paralysis and precocious death from respiratory failure. Although the causes of ALS are incompletely understood, the role of alterations in RNA metabolism seems central. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs implicated in the regulation of gene expression of many relevant physiological processes, including cell death. The recent model of programmed cell death (PCD) encompasses different mechanisms, from apoptosis to regulated necrosis (RN), in particular necroptosis. Both apoptosis and necroptosis play a significant role in the progressive death of MNs in ALS. In this review, we present key research related to miRNAs that modulate apoptosis and RN pathways in ALS. We also discuss whether these miRNAs represent potential targets for therapeutic development in patients.
Keyphrases
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- cell death
- cell cycle arrest
- gene expression
- respiratory failure
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- oxidative stress
- multiple sclerosis
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- transcription factor
- pi k akt
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- chronic kidney disease
- dna methylation
- spinal cord
- prognostic factors
- mechanical ventilation
- peritoneal dialysis
- intensive care unit
- risk assessment
- signaling pathway
- acute respiratory distress syndrome