Does partial activation of the neuromuscular system induce cross-education training effect? Case of a pilot study on motor imagery and neuromuscular electrical stimulation.

MI seems to be effective to induce cross education, probably because of the activation of cortical motor regions that impact the corticospinal neural drive of both trained and untrained sides. Conversely, submaximal NMES did not lead to cross education. The present results emphasize that cross education does not necessarily require muscle activity of the trained limb.