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Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children with Autism and ADHD: Profiles of Hair and Salivary Cortisol, Serum Leptin Concentrations and Externalizing/Internalizing Problems.

Andreas PetropoulosSophia AnesiadouMaria MichouAikaterini LymperatouEleftheria RomaGeorge P ChrousosPanagiota Pervanidou
Published in: Nutrients (2024)
In conclusion, children with NDDs had more FGID symptoms and present higher internalizing and externalizing problems. Children with ADHD and FGIDs had more internalizing problems compared to those without FGIDs. No differences in stress-related biomarkers were shown to differentiate children with NDDs with and without FGIDs. Future prospective studies including a greater number of children may elucidate the biological pathways linking these comorbidities.
Keyphrases
  • young adults
  • mental health
  • autism spectrum disorder
  • attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
  • working memory
  • depressive symptoms
  • case control