Photosensitive and Conductive Hydrogel Induced Innerved Bone Regeneration for Infected Bone Defect Repair.
Xirui JingChao XuWeijie SuQiuyue DingBing YeYanlin SuKeda YuLian ZengXu YangYanzhen QuKaifang ChenTingfang SunZhiqiang LuoXiao-Dong GuoPublished in: Advanced healthcare materials (2022)
Repairing infected bone defects is a challenge in the field of orthopedics because of the limited self-healing capacity of bone tissue and the susceptibility of refractory materials to bacterial activity. Innervation is the initiating factor for bone regeneration and plays a key regulatory role in subsequent vascularization, ossification, and mineralization processes. Infection leads to necrosis of local nerve fibers, impeding the repair of infected bone defects. Herein, a biomaterial that can induce skeletal-associated neural network reconstruction and bone regeneration with high antibacterial activity is proposed for the treatment of infected bone defects. A photosensitive conductive hydrogel is prepared by incorporating magnesium-modified black phosphorus (BP@Mg) into gelatin methacrylate (GelMA). The near-infrared irradiation-based photothermal and photodynamic treatment of black phosphorus endows it with strong antibacterial activity, improving the inflammatory microenvironment and reducing bacteria-induced bone tissue damage. The conductive nanosheets and bioactive ions released from BP@Mg synergistically improve the migration and secretion of Schwann cells, promote neurite outgrowth, and facilitate innerved bone regeneration. In an infected skull defect model, the GelMA-BP@Mg hydrogel shows efficient antibacterial activity and promotes bone and CGRP + nerve fiber regeneration. The phototherapy conductive hydrogel provides a novel strategy based on skeletal-associated innervation for infected bone defect repair.
Keyphrases
- bone regeneration
- drug delivery
- tissue engineering
- bone mineral density
- stem cells
- oxidative stress
- reduced graphene oxide
- risk assessment
- wound healing
- high glucose
- photodynamic therapy
- neural network
- soft tissue
- drug induced
- stress induced
- combination therapy
- drug release
- smoking cessation
- heavy metals
- highly efficient