Roles of Sirtuins in Hearing Protection.

Hearing loss is a health crisis that affects more than 60 million Americans. Currently, sodium thiosulfate is the only drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to counter hearing loss. Sirtuins were proposed as therapeutic targets in the search for new compounds or drugs to prevent or cure age-, noise-, or drug-induced hearing loss. Sirtuins are proteins involved in metabolic regulation with the potential to ameliorate sensorineural hearing loss. The mammalian sirtuin family includes seven members, SIRT1-7. This paper is a literature review on the sirtuins and their protective roles in sensorineural hearing loss. Literature search on the NCBI PubMed database and NUsearch included the keywords 'sirtuin' and 'hearing'. Studies on sirtuins without relevance to hearing and studies on hearing without relevance to sirtuins were excluded. Only primary research articles with data on sirtuin expression and physiologic auditory tests were considered. The literature review identified 183 records on sirtuins and hearing. After removing duplicates, eighty-one records remained. After screening for eligibility criteria, there were forty-eight primary research articles with statistically significant data relevant to sirtuins and hearing. Overall, SIRT1 ( n = 29) was the most studied sirtuin paralog. Over the last two decades, research on sirtuins and hearing has largely focused on age-, noise-, and drug-induced hearing loss. Past and current studies highlight the role of sirtuins as a mediator of redox homeostasis. However, more studies need to be conducted on the involvement of SIRT2 and SIRT4-7 in hearing protection.