Molecular circadian clock disruption in the leukocytes of individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight, and its relationship with leukocyte-endothelial interactions.

Our study demonstrates alterations in the molecular clock system in leukocytes of individuals with type 2 diabetes, manifested in increased mRNA levels and decreased protein levels of the core clock machinery. These alterations correlated with the impaired metabolic and proinflammatory profile of the participants with type 2 diabetes. Our findings support a causal role for decreased CLOCK/BMAL1 activity in the increased level of leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Overall, our data suggest that alterations in core clock proteins accelerate the inflammatory process, which may ultimately precipitate the onset of CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes.