Pharmacogenetics of clopidogrel and warfarin in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: an overview of reviews.

Pharmacogenetics (PGx) is the relationship between an individual's genetic variations and the response to pharmacological treatment. We chose to perform an overview of reviews on PGx testing-guided treatment for cardiovascular diseases, based on clinically relevant gene-drug pairs. We conducted a search on Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library, from their inception to 18 June 2020. The most studied gene-drug pairs were clopidogrel and warfarin associated with cytochrome p450 and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 genes ( CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and VKORC1 ), classified as critically low quality. There is a need for more quality primary studies and systematic reviews that assess the risk of bias, with consistent definitions of clinical outcomes to consider the benefits of PGx testing for cardiovascular diseases.