The interaction of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and smoking on mortality among adults in the United States.

Karn WijarnpreechaMelissa ScribaniDonghee KimW Ray Kim

Published in: Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver (2019)

We found that smoking increased mortality by two-fold among the US population. Although the magnitude of the increase in mortality did not differ from that in non-NAFLD subjects, smoking represents a modifiable determinant of long-term outcomes in NAFLD patients.

Keyphrases

cardiovascular events
smoking cessation
end stage renal disease
chronic kidney disease
prognostic factors
peritoneal dialysis
patient reported outcomes