Three new species of non-marine ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from small water bodies of northern China.

Three new species, Pseudocandonacheni sp. nov. , Cyclocyprispangi sp. nov. , and Tonnacyprisrectangularis sp. nov. , collected from northern China, are described in this study. Pseudocandonacheni , of the compressa group, is difficult to be distinguished from other members of the same group by carapace morphology alone, but can be readily recognised by the structure of the hemipenis comprised of a long lobe a , distally inflated lobe h , and exteriorly pointed lobe b , as well as thick trunks of the male fifth limb endopodites. Cyclocyprispangi , despite its similarity in carapace morphology to its congeners, can be identified based on the morphology of the hemipenis, which bears a slender, slightly curved lobe h , and an S-shaped process accompanying lobe b , in addition to the rectangular trunk of the male fifth limb endopodite. On the other hand, Tonnacyprisrectangularis , described on the basis of females only, can be distinguished from other Tonnacypris Diebel & Pietrzeniuk, 1975 representatives by its distinct sub-rectangular carapace alone. Other differences include the length of the swimming setae, the length of the distal claws on the second antennae, and the morphology of the pincer organ on the seventh limb. This study contributes to the poorly known extant non-marine ostracod fauna of Inner Mongolia and Beijing, and generally to the central-eastern Palaearctic region. In addition, the known distribution range of Tonnacypris is extended eastwardly by T.rectangularis . The valve-morphology data are useful for identifying fossil/sub-fossil representatives.