Observing Proton-Electron Mixed Conductivity in Graphdiyne.

Mixed conducting materials with both ionic and electronic conductivities have gained prominence in emerging applications. However, exploring material with on-demand ionic and electronic conductivities remains challenging, primarily due to the lack of correlating macroscopic conductivity with atom-scale structure. Here, we explore the correlation of proton-electron conductivity and atom-scale structure in graphdiyne. Precisely adjusting the conjugated diynes and oxygenic functional groups in graphdiyne yields a tunable proton-electron conductivity on the order of 10 3 . In addition, we provide a wet-chemistry lithography technique for uniform preparation of graphdiyne on flexible substrates. Utilizing the proton-electron conductivity and mechanical tolerance of graphdiyne, we create bimodal flexible devices serving as capacitive switches and resistive sensors. As a proof-of-concept, we design a breath-machine interface for sentence-based communication and self-nursing tasks with an accuracy of 98%. Our work represents an important step towards understanding the atom-scale structure-conductivity relationship and extending the applications of mixed conducting materials to assistive technology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.