Nutritional Status Influences Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance in Preschool Children.
Claudia Erika Fuentes-VenadoGuadalupe Terán-PérezVictor Manuel Espinosa-HernándezErick Martínez-HerreraJulia J Segura-UribeRoberto E MercadilloRodolfo Pinto-AlmazánChristian Guerra-AraizaPublished in: Metabolic syndrome and related disorders (2021)
Background: Child malnutrition represents a major public health problem with physiological, psychological, and social short- and long-term implications. Objective: To compare the influence of nutritional status on oxidative stress (OS) markers in children aged 3-6 years. Methods: Children were categorized into four groups: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity. Glucose (Glu), cholesterol (Chol), high-density lipoproteins, insulin, triacylglycerols (TG), triacylglycerols/glucose (TyG) index, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were analyzed. In addition, OS [malondialdehyde (MDA) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT)] and antioxidant defense markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG)] were quantified. Results: Children with obesity showed significantly higher levels of MDA and 3-NT, and increased SOD activity compared with normal weight children. Glu, Chol, TG levels, TyG indexes, HOMA-IR, MDA, 3-NT, and SOD positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention percentiles (CDC PC). However, CAT concentration and the GSH/GSSG ratio correlated negatively with BMI and CDC PC. In children with underweight, we found a positive correlation of TG levels and TyG indexes with BMI, whereas both markers positively correlated with BMI and CDC PC in children with overweight. MDA negatively correlated with BMI in children with underweight, while a positive association was observed in children with overweight. Finally, SOD, CAT, and GSH/GSSG negatively correlated with both BMI and CDC PC in children with overweight. Conclusions: Malnutrition, especially obesity, is associated with metabolic and OS disturbances in preschool children. It is urgent to design strategies to prevent malnutrition in this age group since this stage of development is crucial to potentially avoid future co-morbidities.
Keyphrases
- body mass index
- weight gain
- young adults
- oxidative stress
- insulin resistance
- public health
- weight loss
- physical activity
- adipose tissue
- mental health
- dna damage
- cell cycle
- high density
- fluorescent probe
- high fat diet
- cell death
- nitric oxide
- hydrogen peroxide
- signaling pathway
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- high fat diet induced