Acalculous Cholecystitis in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review.
Evanthia ThomaidouEleni KarlaftiMatthaios DidagelosKalliopi MegariEleni ArgiriadouKarolina AkinosoglouDaniel ParamythiotisChristos SavopoulosPublished in: Viruses (2024)
Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) represents cholecystitis without gallstones, occurring in approximately 5-10% of all cases of acute cholecystitis in adults. Several risk factors have been recognized, while infectious diseases can be a cause of cholecystitis in otherwise healthy people. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has spread worldwide, leading to an unprecedented pandemic. The virus enters cells through the binding of the spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors expressed in many human tissues, including the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and this explains the symptoms emanating from the digestive system. Acute cholecystitis has been reported in patients with COVID-19. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed analysis of the current literature on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of AAC in patients with COVID-19.
Keyphrases
- sars cov
- respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- coronavirus disease
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- liver failure
- respiratory failure
- risk factors
- angiotensin ii
- infectious diseases
- drug induced
- aortic dissection
- endothelial cells
- induced apoptosis
- gene expression
- type diabetes
- hepatitis b virus
- metabolic syndrome
- binding protein
- transcription factor
- skeletal muscle
- intensive care unit
- cell death
- signaling pathway
- endoplasmic reticulum stress