Comparison of two human organoid models of lung and intestinal inflammation reveals Toll-like receptor signalling activation and monocyte recruitment.

We show that human mucosal organoids exhibit proper immune functions and successfully mimic an immunocompetent tissue microenvironment able to host patient-derived immune cells. Our experimental set-up provides a novel tool to tackle the complexity of immune responses in mucosal tissues which can be tailored to different human pathologies.