Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 combined with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells improves bone regeneration in canine segmental ulnar defects.

Implantation of E. coli-derived rhBMP-2 and BMSCs led to significantly enhanced bone formation, with improved bone mineral density and reduced non-uniformity of the regenerated bone. Combined implantation of rhBMP-2 and BMSCs may be useful for promotion of bone healing in critical-sized defects in canines.