With the recent obesity pandemic, obesity-related hypertension and its complications (e.g., heart failure, coronary disease, and chronic kidney disease [CKD]) are gaining attention in clinical and research fields. Obesity-related hypertension frequently precedes the onset of CKD and aggravates its progression. In this review, we discuss the role of visceral fat in the pathophysiology of obesity-related hypertension and the potential therapeutic strategies for its prevention and management. Various factors, including the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and inflammatory pathways, are intricately involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension. These factors individually and jointly contribute to the development of hypertension (usually sodium-sensitive or resistant hypertension) and, ultimately, to the progression of CKD. From a clinical standpoint, a decline in renal function in advanced CKD further makes blood pressure control challenging since only a few options are available for blood pressure-lowering medications. Proactive lifestyle modification, pharmacological treatment for obesity, and bariatric surgery can be considered for obesity control and management. Furthermore, intensive blood pressure control is required to prevent and halt the development and progression of CKD.
Keyphrases
- blood pressure
- chronic kidney disease
- weight loss
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- bariatric surgery
- type diabetes
- high fat diet induced
- weight gain
- end stage renal disease
- hypertensive patients
- heart failure
- heart rate
- adipose tissue
- skeletal muscle
- body mass index
- sars cov
- working memory
- ejection fraction
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- combination therapy
- aortic stenosis
- cardiac resynchronization therapy