Assessing tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy from self-report, urinary cotinine and NNAL: a validation study using the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.
Janet L PeacockThomas J PalysYuliya HalchenkoVicki SayarathCindy A TakigawaSharon E MurphyLisa A PetersonEmily R BakerMargaret R KaragasPublished in: BMJ open (2022)
In this population, we observed high concordance between self-complete questionnaire smoking data and urinary cotinine and NNAL. With respect to biomarkers, either cotinine or NNAL can be used as a measure of tobacco smoke exposure overall but only cotinine can be used to detect SHS.