The prognostic value of urinary chemokines at 6 months after pediatric kidney transplantation.

Pediatric kidney transplantation is lifesaving, but long-term allograft survival is still limited by injury processes mediated by alloimmune inflammation that may otherwise be clinically silent. Chemokines associated with alloimmune inflammation may offer prognostic value early post-transplant by identifying patients at increased risk of poor graft outcomes. We conducted a single-center prospective cohort study of consecutive pediatric kidney transplant recipients (<19 years). Urinary CCL2 and CXCL10 measured at 6 months post-transplant were evaluated for association with long-term eGFR decline, allograft survival, and concomitant acute cellular rejection histology. Thirty-eight patients with a mean age of 12.4 ± 4.6 years were evaluated. Urinary CCL2 was associated with eGFR decline until 6 months (ρ -0.43; P < .01), but not at later time points. Urinary CXCL10 was associated with eGFR decline at 36 months (ρ -0.49; P < .01), risk of 50% eGFR decline (HR = 1.04; P = .02), risk of allograft loss (HR = 1.05; P = .01), borderline rejection or rejection episodes 6-12 months post-transplant (r .41; P = .02), and Banff i + t score (r .47, P < .01). CCL2 and CXCL10 were also correlated with one another (ρ 0.54; P < .01). CCL2 and CXCL10 provide differing, but complementary, information that may be useful for early non-invasive prognostic testing in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.