Advancements in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Imaging and Future Frontiers.
Luigi AsmundoFrancesco RizzettoMichael BlakeMark A AndersonAmirkasra MojtahedWilliam BradleyAnuradha Shenoy-BhangleCarlos Fernandez-Del CastilloMotaz QadanCristina FerroneJeffrey ClarkValentina AmbrosiniMaria PicchioPaola MapelliLaura EvangelistaDoris LeithnerKonstantin NikolaouStephan UrsprungStefano FantiAngelo VanzulliOnofrio Antonio CatalanoPublished in: Journal of clinical medicine (2024)
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a diverse group of tumors with varying clinical behaviors. Their incidence has risen due to increased awareness, improved diagnostics, and aging populations. The 2019 World Health Organization classification emphasizes integrating radiology and histopathology to characterize NENs and create personalized treatment plans. Imaging methods like CT, MRI, and PET/CT are crucial for detection, staging, treatment planning, and monitoring, but each of them poses different interpretative challenges and none are immune to pitfalls. Treatment options include surgery, targeted therapies, and chemotherapy, based on the tumor type, stage, and patient-specific factors. This review aims to provide insights into the latest developments and challenges in NEN imaging, diagnosis, and management.
Keyphrases
- pet ct
- high resolution
- contrast enhanced
- computed tomography
- minimally invasive
- machine learning
- magnetic resonance imaging
- deep learning
- risk factors
- health insurance
- squamous cell carcinoma
- radiation therapy
- magnetic resonance
- coronary artery bypass
- fluorescence imaging
- coronary artery disease
- mass spectrometry
- current status
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- genetic diversity
- quantum dots
- real time pcr
- replacement therapy
- surgical site infection