Systematic Evaluation of the Immune Environment of Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors.
Clare VeselyYien Ning Sophia WongAlexa ChildsAyse U AkarcaPawan DhamiHeli VaikkinenLucia CondeJavier HerreroOlagunju OgunbiyiAmir GanderTu Vinh LuongChrissie ThirlwellMartyn CaplinChristos ToumpanakisKarl PeggsSergio A QuezadaTeresa MarafiotiTim MeyerPublished in: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2022)
Taken together, these results suggest that a combination therapy approach will be required to enhance the immune response, using PD-1 as a checkpoint immunomodulator backbone in combination with other checkpoint targeting molecules (CTLA-4 or ICOS), or with drugs targeting other pathways to recruit "excluded" T cells into the tumor microenvironment to treat patients with siNETs.