An update on microfluidic multi-organ-on-a-chip systems for reproducing drug pharmacokinetics: the current state-of-the-art.

We discuss future and necessary advances in the field of multi-organ chips including how to overcome challenges regarding cell diversity, improved culture conditions, model translatability as well as sensor integrations to enable microsystems to cover organ-organ interactions in not only toxicokinetic but more importantly pharmacodynamic and -kinetic studies.