Nurse staffing and inpatient mortality in the English National Health Service: a retrospective longitudinal study.
Ben ZarankoNatalie Jean SanfordElaine KellyAnne Marie RaffertyJames BirdLuca MercuriJanice SigsworthMary WellsCarol PropperPublished in: BMJ quality & safety (2022)
RN staffing and seniority levels were associated with patient mortality. The lack of association for HCSWs and agency nurses indicates they are not effective substitutes for RNs who regularly work on the ward.