Obesity and the Brain.
Jacek KarczewskiAleksandra ZielinskaRafał StaszewskiPiotr EderAgnieszka DobrowolskaEliana Barbosa SoutoPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Innate and adaptive immunity are essential for neurodevelopment and central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis; however, the fragile equilibrium between immune and brain cells can be disturbed by any immune dysregulation and cause detrimental effects. Accumulating evidence indicates that, despite the blood-brain barrier (BBB), overactivation of the immune system leads to brain vulnerability that increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly upon subsequent exposure later in life. Disruption of microglial function in later life can be triggered by various environmental and psychological factors, including obesity-driven chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Increased visceral adiposity has been recognized as an important risk factor for multiple neuropsychiatric conditions. The review aims to present our current understanding of the topic.
Keyphrases
- insulin resistance
- low grade
- resting state
- white matter
- metabolic syndrome
- weight loss
- weight gain
- type diabetes
- high grade
- blood brain barrier
- induced apoptosis
- functional connectivity
- high fat diet induced
- immune response
- cerebral ischemia
- oxidative stress
- skeletal muscle
- cell cycle arrest
- inflammatory response
- molecular dynamics
- depressive symptoms
- cell proliferation
- signaling pathway
- human health
- spinal cord
- risk assessment
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cell death