The Utility of Preclinical Models in Understanding the Bone Health of Transgender Individuals Undergoing Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.
Varun S VenkateshTian NieJeffrey D ZajacMathis GrossmannRachel A DaveyPublished in: Current osteoporosis reports (2023)
Sex hormones play a critical role in bone physiology, yet there is a paucity of research regarding the effects of GAHT on bone microstructure and fracture risk in transgender individuals. The controlled clinical studies required to yield fracture data are unethical to conduct making clinically translatable preclinical research of the utmost importance. Novel genetic and surgical preclinical models have yielded significant mechanistic insight into the roles of sex steroids on skeletal integrity. Preclinical models of GAHT have the potential inform clinical approaches to preserve skeletal integrity and prevent fractures in transgender people undergoing GAHT. This review highlights the key considerations required to ensure the information gained from preclinical models of GAHT are informative.
Keyphrases
- cell therapy
- bone mineral density
- hiv testing
- healthcare
- soft tissue
- mental health
- bone loss
- bone regeneration
- stem cells
- genome wide
- white matter
- electronic health record
- gene expression
- health information
- men who have sex with men
- big data
- bone marrow
- risk assessment
- machine learning
- multiple sclerosis
- human immunodeficiency virus
- social media
- copy number
- artificial intelligence
- antiretroviral therapy