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Lower Urinary Tract Inflammation and Infection: Key Microbiological and Immunological Aspects.

Kayle DicksonJuan ZhouChristian Lehmann
Published in: Journal of clinical medicine (2024)
The urinary system, primarily responsible for the filtration of blood and waste, is affected by several infectious and inflammatory conditions. Focusing on the lower tract, this review outlines the physiological and immune landscape of the urethra and bladder, addressing key immunological and microbiological aspects of important infectious/inflammatory conditions. The conditions addressed include urethritis, interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, urinary tract infections, and urosepsis. Key aspects of each condition are addressed, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical considerations. Finally, therapeutic options are outlined, highlighting gaps in the knowledge and novel therapeutic approaches.
Keyphrases
  • urinary tract
  • urinary tract infection
  • oxidative stress
  • spinal cord injury
  • healthcare
  • heavy metals
  • single cell
  • risk assessment
  • anaerobic digestion
  • life cycle