Normal and five-fingered hand: comparative X-ray morphometry in the post-natal age.
Maria Pia BondioniLavinia CasatiA G SalviA MininiE ZiniU E PazzagliaPublished in: Folia morphologica (2020)
The comparative analysis of relative lengths and IGRs in the two groups suggested homology of the (anatomical) 1st metacarpal with the 2nd-5th proximal phalanges in the same hand and that of the (anatomical) 1st proximal phalanx with the 2nd-5th mid phalanges. These data suggest that the missing segment of the normal hand thumb is the metacarpal.