Excellent Long-Term Stability of Power Conversion Efficiency in Non-Fullerene-Based Polymer Solar Cells Bearing Tricyanovinylene-Functionalized n-Type Small Molecules.

New small molecules having modified acceptor strength and π-conjugation length and containing dicyanovinylene (DCV) and tricyanovinylene (TCV) as a strongly electron-accepting unit with indacenodithiophene, IDT(DCV)2, IDT(TCV)2, and IDTT(TCV)2, were synthesized and studied in terms of their applicability to polymer solar cells with PTB7-Th as an electron-donating polymer. Intriguingly, the blended films containing IDT(TCV)2 and IDTT(TCV)2 exhibited superior shelf life stabilities of more than 1000 h without any reduction in the initial power conversion efficiency. The low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels and robust internal morphologies of small TCV-containing molecules could afford excellent shelf life stability.