Healthcare professional communication behaviours, skills, barriers, and enablers: Exploring the perspectives of people living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

This qualitative study conceptualised effective communication behaviours of healthcare professionals (gastroenterologists, surgeons, nurses, and general practitioners) and explored communication barriers and facilitators from the perspective of adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Seventeen qualitative interviews were conducted with people living with IBD in the UK or USA ( n = 17) and their spouses ( n = 4). An inductive content analysis was firstly applied to participants' accounts to define which healthcare professionals' behaviours and skills were perceived as essential for effective communication. An inductive reflexive thematic analysis elucidated themes of perceived barriers and facilitators experienced when communicating with their IBD healthcare professionals. Thirty-three provider communication behaviours were grouped into nine healthcare professional skills. Five themes encompassed 11 barriers and facilitators: professionals' knowledge and behaviour, unequal power, patient navigation skills, time constraints and demand, and continuity and collaboration of care. For patients and some spouses, enhancing communication in IBD services means increasing patient, family, and health professional knowledge, encouraging collaborative partnership working, and promoting healthcare professional skills to communicate effectively within the reality of time restraints.