The outcomes of a second and third Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent essential glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

Second GKR resulted in pain reduction with low risk of additional morbidity. In patients unsuitable for microvascular decompression, GKR as a repeat or third treatment for intractable GPN is safe and effective. Third GKR was not associated with any side effects up to 16 months after the procedure.