Chronic toxicity of clothianidin, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and dimethoate to Apis mellifera L. larvae reared in vitro.

Ping-Li DaiCameron J JackAshley N MortensenTomas A BustamanteJeffrey R BloomquistJames D Ellis

Published in: Pest management science (2018)

The treatment of larval diets with clothianidin, dimethoate and imidacloprid did not affect survival, developmental rate, or weight of immature honey bees; however, treatment with chlorpyrifos did. Overall, our results are valuable for evaluating the chronic toxicity of these pesticides to developing honey bees. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Keyphrases

oxidative stress
weight loss
body mass index
risk assessment
physical activity
high resolution
drosophila melanogaster
aedes aegypti
gas chromatography
simultaneous determination