Thymoquinone counteracts oxidative and inflammatory machinery in carrageenan-induced murine paw edema model.
Hayfa Hussin Ali HijazyNaief DahranHussam A AlthagafiFahad AlharthiOla A HabottaAtif Abdulwahab A OyouniMohammad AlgahtaniAbdulrahman TheyabOsama Al-AmerMaha S LokmanKhalaf F AlsharifAshraf AlbrakatiHatem K AminShauq Mumtaz DawoodRami B KassabRania A EllethyPublished in: Environmental science and pollution research international (2022)
Thymoquinone (TQ) is an active constituent in Nigella sativa (black cumin) and is extensively reported for its distinguished antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. Despite the local protective response of acute inflammation, it contributes to the development of various disease conditions such as cell death, organ damage, or carcinogenesis. Hence, in this study, the effects of orally administered TQ (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) for 14 days against edema development, oxidative stress, and inflammation were investigated in paw edema induced by carrageenan in mice. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug. The results revealed that TQ reduced the paw edema volume in a time-dependent manner, attenuated acetic acid-provoked writhing movements, and reduced xylene-triggered ear edema. Hematological findings revealed marked normalization of altered counts of WBCs, and platelets. Furthermore, paw tissue levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide showed marked decreases together with increases in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase after TQ administration. Additionally, TQ decreased pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, and nuclear factor kappa-B in the inflamed paw tissue. Moreover, appreciable decreases were recorded in cyclooxygenase-2 and its product prostaglandin E2 and the immune reaction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in TQ-treated mice. Histopathological findings further validated the potential antiedematous, anti-inflammatory power of TQ in inflamed tissues. Conclusively, the results encourage the potent application of TQ to subside acute inflammatory events because of its striking antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in inflamed paw tissue.
Keyphrases
- nuclear factor
- oxidative stress
- anti inflammatory
- toll like receptor
- diabetic rats
- nitric oxide
- cell death
- drug induced
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- dna damage
- liver failure
- hydrogen peroxide
- rheumatoid arthritis
- single cell
- respiratory failure
- gene expression
- cell proliferation
- dendritic cells
- multidrug resistant
- inflammatory response
- endothelial cells
- metabolic syndrome
- high glucose
- skeletal muscle
- immune response
- intensive care unit
- high resolution
- adipose tissue
- insulin resistance
- electronic health record
- risk assessment
- newly diagnosed
- hepatitis b virus