Transperineal minimally invasive abdominoperineal excision for rectal cancer based on anatomical analysis of the muscular structure.
Atsushi HamabeKenji OkitaToshihiko NishidateKoichi OkuyaEmi AkizukiYu SatoMasayuki IshiiRyo MiuraTakahiro KoraiIchiro TakemasaPublished in: Asian journal of endoscopic surgery (2021)
We standardized the TpAPE procedure based on anatomical examination of the muscular structure around the anal canal. The findings can contribute to safe implementation of TpAPE.