Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) now have a five-year survival rate of 80-90% thanks to advances in risk-directed treatment and supportive care. Further, as the number of childhood ALL survivors grows, much emphasis should be directed to their after-treatment life quality, which largely depends on later complications. By removing cranial radiation, the likelihood of severe late problems such as second malignant neoplasm and endocrine disease was reduced. The risk for neurocognitive dysfunction was also reduced. However, among ALL survivors who have only received chemotherapy, there is still a risk of neurocognitive impairment. Although their overall cognitive abilities have been intact, individuals exhibit domain-specific neurocognitive impairment, which needs a thorough evaluation. Therefore, it now became more challenging to elucidate their neurocognitive dysfunction. The neurocognitive function of ALL survivors treated just with chemotherapy will be reviewed.