In Association with Other Risk Factors, Smoking Is the Main Predictor for Lower Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure in Type 2 Diabetes.
Tomislav BulumNeva BrkljačićAngelika Tičinović IvančićMaja ČavlovićIngrid PrkačinMartina TomićPublished in: Biomedicines (2024)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly increases the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD), and diabetes is the leading cause of nontraumatic amputations. This study investigated the risk factors for transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) in T2DM, a noninvasive method to quantify skin oxygenation and the underlying microvascular circulation. The study included 119 T2DM patients (91 male/28 female). TcPO2 measurements were conducted with the Tina TCM4 Series transcutaneous monitor (Radiometer, Copenhagen, Sweden) and skin electrodes. Patients with TcPO2 < 40 mmHg were younger ( p = 0.001), had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) ( p = 0.023), glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1 c) ( p = 0.013), fasting plasma glucose (fPG) ( p = 0.038), total cholesterol ( p = 0.006), LDL cholesterol ( p = 0.004), and had more frequent smoking habits ( p = 0.001) than those with TcPO2 ≥ 40 mmHg. The main predictors for the TcPO2 value (R 2 = 0.211) obtained via stepwise regression analysis were age, smoking, SBP, HbA 1 c, fPG, and total and LDL cholesterol. Among all the listed predictors, smoking, HbA 1 c, and LDL cholesterol were found to be the most significant, with negative parameter estimates of -3.051310 ( p = 0.0007), -2.032018 ( p = 0.0003), and -2.560353 ( p = 0.0046). The results of our study suggest that in association with other risk factors, smoking is the main predictor for lower TcPO2 in T2DM.
Keyphrases
- type diabetes
- glycemic control
- risk factors
- blood pressure
- low density lipoprotein
- smoking cessation
- end stage renal disease
- cardiovascular disease
- blood glucose
- chronic kidney disease
- peripheral artery disease
- ejection fraction
- high resolution
- metabolic syndrome
- mass spectrometry
- peritoneal dialysis
- heart rate
- atrial fibrillation
- wound healing
- patient reported