Annexin-A1: The culprit or the solution?

Annexin-A1 has a well-defined anti-inflammatory role in the innate immune system, but its function in adaptive immunity remains controversial. This glucocorticoid-induced protein has been implicated in a range of inflammatory conditions and cancers, as well as being found to be overexpressed on the T cells of patients with autoimmune disease. Moreover, the formyl peptide family of receptors, through which annexin-A1 primarily signals, has also been implicated in these diseases. In contrast, treatment with recombinant annexin-A1 peptides resulted in suppression of inflammatory processes in murine models of inflammation. This review will focus on what is currently known about annexin-A1 in health and disease and discuss the potential of this protein as a biomarker and therapeutic target.